Meant Titration, Stokiometri Solvent, Reaction Solution, Ion and Molecule Equation

Almost all chemical reactions are acid-base neutralization reaction. Reaction This produces water and a salt. For example, if your heartburn caused by excess stomach acid, you need an antacid that can excreting. Similarly, the pH of human blood that must be fixed neutral (pH = 7). This is controlled by the equilibrium reaction involved between the conjugate base of acid (H2CO3 and HCO3-).

How to calculate pH of a mixture of acid-base? How determining whether a reaction has reached a point equivalent? To answer that question, you need to know how the concentration of ions from
each reagent.

Chemical calculations involving molar concentration in solution ionion in solution can be determined through titration technique. Acid titration base is one type of titration. How method measurement? Then, how is its application? You will found the answer after studying this chapter.



Ok ... we start from Stokiometri Solution:
At the stoichiometric solution, among the substances involved in the reaction, partly or wholly in the form of solutions.

1. Stoichiometry with Simple Chemistry Counts
Problems concerning this section can be solved by simple chemical calculation involving the relationship between the quantity of a component with other components in a reaction.

The steps that need to be done is:
a. write persamann reaction
b. equalizes the reaction coefficient
c. understand the reaction indicate that the ratio of mole ratio coefficient

Because the substances involved in the reaction is in the form of solution, the mole solution can be expressed as:

n = V. M

where:

n = number of moles
V = volume (liters)
M = molarity of solution

Example:

Calculate the volume of 0:05 M HCl solution required to dissolve 2.4 grams of magnesium metal (Ar = 24).

Answer:

Mg (s) + 2HCl (aq) ® MgCl2 (aq) + H2 (g)
24 grams Mg = 2.4/24 = 0.1 mol
mol HCl = 2 x moles of Mg = 0.2 mol
volume of HCl = n / M = 0.2/0.25 = 0.8 liters


2. Titration
Titration is a way of determining concentration of a solution by using a standard solution of known concentration. Motode was mostly done in the laboratory. Several types of titration, namely:
1. acid-base titration
2. redox titration
3. precipitation titration

Example:
1. To neutralize 50 mL of NaOH solution required 20 mL of 0.25 M HCl solution.
Determine kemolaran NaOH solution!

Answer:
NaOH (aq) + HCl (aq) ® NaCl (aq) + H2O (l)
mol HCl = 20 x 0:25 = 5 mol m
Based on the coefficients of the above reactions.
moles NaOH = moles HCl = 5 mol m
M = n / V = 5 m = 0.1 M mol/50mL

2. 0:56 As many grams of pure calcium oxide is not dissolved into the water. This exact solution can be neutralized with 20 mL solution of 0:30 M HCl.Tentukan purity calcium oxide (Ar: O = 16; Ca = 56)!

Answer:
CaO (s) + H2O (l) ® Ca (OH) 2 (aq)
Ca (OH) 2 (aq) + 2 HCl (aq) ® CaCl2 (aq) + 2 H2O (l)
mol HCl = 20 x 0:30 = 6 m mol
mol Ca (OH) 2 = mol CaO = 1 / 2 x moles HCl = 1 / 2 x 6 = 3 m mol
mass of CaO = 3 x 56 = 168 mg = 0168 grams
Purity content of CaO = 0.168/0.56 x 100% = 30%

Well below to Reaction in Solution
Most chemical reactions take place in solution.
There are three characteristic reactions that take place in solution, which is formed deposition, gas, and electric charge neutralization. The third reaction is generally pertained metathesis reactions involving ions in solution. By Therefore, you need to know more about the ions in solution.

1. Ion and Molecule Equation
During this time, you write the chemical reactions in solution in molecular form. For example, the reaction between sodium carbonate and calcium hydroxide. Reaction equation:
Na2CO3 (aq) + Ca (OH) 2 (aq) ---→ 2NaOH (aq) + CaCO3 (s)
This equation is called a molecular equation for substances
written in the form of the molecule reacts. Molecular equation is not
provide clues that the reaction involving ions in solution,
when Ca (OH) 2 and Na2CO3 in water in the form of ions.
Ions involved in this reaction is a Ca2 + ion and ion
-OH from Ca (OH) 2, and Na + ions and ion CO3

2 - originating
of Na2CO3. Equation in the form of ions is written as follows.
2Na + (aq) + CO3
2 - (aq) + Ca2 + (aq) + 2OH-(aq) ---→ 2Na + (aq) +
2OH-(aq) + CaCO3 (s)

This equation is called equation of ions, which is a reaction equation
involving ions in solution. Hint changing equation
Molecular to ionic equation is as follows.
1. Ionic substances, such as NaCl is generally written as ions. Characteristics of substances
ionic equation of the reaction using a phase (aq).

2. Substances that are insoluble (precipitate) is written as a formula of the compound.
Characteristic equation of the reaction expressed by the phase (s).
In the ionic equation, ions that appear on both sides called
spektator ions (spectator ions), ie the ions are not involved in
chemical reactions. Spektator ions can be removed from the equation of ions.

For example, as follows.
2Na + (aq) + CO3
2 - (aq) + Ca2 + (aq) + 2OH-(aq) --→ 2Na + (aq) +
2OH-(aq) + CaCO3 (s)

So the equation can be written as:
Ca2 + (aq) + CO3
2 - (aq) ---→ CaCO3 (s)
This equation is called the net ionic equation. In this case, the OH-ion
ion and Na + ions belonging spektator.