Normal Menstrual Cycle

Normal menstrual cycle can be divided into two segments namely, ovarian cycle (ovaries) and the cycle of the uterus (womb). Ovarian cycle was divided into two parts, the cycle of follicular and luteal cycle, whereas the uterine cycle is divided into the proliferation (growth) and the period of secretion.

Changes in the uterus is a response to hormonal changes. The uterus consists of three layers namely perimetrium (outermost layer of the uterus), myometrium (muscle layer rehim, located in the middle), and endometrium (innermost lining of the uterus). The endometrium is the lining yangn role in the menstrual cycle. 2 / 3 part is called decidual endometrium functionalist consisting of glands, and the third part is called the innermost basal decidua.

Hormonal systems that influence the menstrual cycle are:
1. -RH FSH (follicle stimulating hormone releasing hormone) which issued the hypothalamus to stimulate pituitary release of FSH
2. LH-RH (luteinizing hormone releasing hormone) which issued the hypothalamus to stimulate pituitary release of LH
3. PIH (prolactine inhibiting hormone), which inhibits pituitary to release prolactin

Hormonal Cycle

In each menstrual cycle, FSH released by the pituitary stimulates the development of follicles in the ovaries (ovaries). Generally only one follicle can be aroused but can progress to more than one, and these follicles develop into follicle de Graaf that makes estrogen. This estrogen suppress FSH production, so the release of pituitary hormones that both the LH. LH and FSH hormone production is under the influence of hypothalamic releasing hormones are distributed to the pituitary. RH Distribution is influenced by the feedback mechanism of estrogen on the hypothalamus.

Production of gonadotropin (FSH and LH), which both will cause the maturation of the follicle de Graaf that contain estrogen. Estrogen affects the growth of the endometrium. Under the influence of LH, follicle de Graaf be cooked until ovulation occurs. After ovulation occurs, the corpus rubrum formed which will become the corpus luteum, under the influence of hormones LH and LTH (luteotrophic hormones, a hormone gonadotropik).

The corpus luteum produces progesterone that may affect the growth of endometrial glands. If there is no fertilization, the corpus luteum to degenerate and result in decreased levels of estrogen and progesterone. This decline in hormone levels causes degeneration, bleeding, and the release of the endometrium. This process is called menstruation or menstrual period. If there is fertilization during ovulation, the corpus luteum is maintained.

At each cycle known three main periods:
1. Menstrual period that lasts for 2-8 days. At that time, the endometrium (lining of the uterus) is released which raised the bleeding and ovarian hormones in the lowest levels
2. Early proliferation of blood stopped menstruating until day 14. After menstruation ends, began the proliferative phase where there is growth of uterine decidua functionalist to prepare for the attachment of the fetus. In this phase, the endometrium grows back. Between day-to-12 to 14 can occur release eggs from the ovary (called ovulation)
3. Secretion period. Secretion is a time period after ovulation. The hormone progesterone is released and affect the growth of the endometrium to make the uterus ready for implantation conditions (fetal attachment to the uterus)

Female hormone regulation - Testes

In the mammalian testis consists of tubules lined by cells - germ cell (germ cell), these tubules known as the seminiferous tubules. The testes secrete testosterone hormone which stimulates the maturation of sperm function (spermatogenesisi) and formation of signs - signs of male genitals, such as growth mustache, beard, chest hair, Adam's apple, and the growing voice. Hormone secretion is stimulated by ICTH produced by the anterior pituitary.

Male hormone regulation

During puberty, the anterior pituitary produces gonadotrofin, namely FSH and LH hormone. Both hormone secretion is influenced by GNRFs (Gonadotropin Releasing Factor) derived from the hypothalamus.

2. Role of Hormones In KB System
KB is a government program that aims to create a happy and prosperous small family executed by setting the number of children and birth spacing. Many kinds of family planning techniques, some permanent, some temporary, and there are mechanical, chemical, or by using hormones. The technique is basically the use of hormones to prevent ovulation. In this case the use of synthetic hormones estrogen and progesterone.

Hormone - the hormone are packaged in the form of pills, injections, or implant. If a woman taking birth control pills every day then he has to put synthetic hormones estrogen and progesterone into the body. As a result, the pituitary gland will not produce FSH and LH. LHmenyebabkan absence of FSH and pregnant women will not, because the function of FSH and LH stimulates ovulation will occur which, if fertilized pregnancies. In addition, progesterone also acts to stimulate thickening of the uterine wall, thus disallowing the occurrence of implantation (attachment of the embryo on the uterine wall).