Diseases of lymph nodes ...?

Lymphoma or cancer lymph nodes are the type of cancer that attacks white blood cells and accumulate in the lymph nodes,,


Symptoms in physically Lymphoma can arise chewy lump, no pain, easily driven, and there was no sign of inflammation. This may be suspected as non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma. However, not all lumps that occur in the lymphatic system Lymphoma. It could be the result of resistance lump lymph glands with a virus or possibly tuberculosis lymph nodes.

There are 3 specific symptoms in Lymphoma:
- prolonged fever with temperatures over 38 oC
- Frequent night sweats
- Losing weight is more than 10% in 6 month

Treatment of Non Hodgkin's Lymphoma

Gland is part of the living body which produce substances - substances that are necessary for the survival of living things, such as hormones, enzymes and spleen.

Treatment of Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma can be done through several ways, according to the diagnosis of several factors such as whether ever relapse, stage number, age, body condition, needs and desires of patients. Broadly speaking, healing occurs in about 93%, making this disease as one of the most curable cancers.

Here are the ways of treatment of disease Lymphoma: Chemotherapy, monoclonal antibody therapy, radiation therapy, transplantation, surgery, experimental therapy, or management of symptoms. (Of course the decision of the physician, not from kitanya)

Chemotherapy drugs aim to destroy and kill all lymphoma cells throughout the body. The goal is that all cells that divide rapidly. One of the chemotherapy drugs most often given is chlorambucil, in the form of tablets given orally.

Radiotherapy is used if the disease only in one or two areas of the body. High-dose chemotherapy is a useful treatment option further in some patients.

Monoclonal antibodies are the most commonly used in the treatment of non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma is rituximab. Rituximab effective in treatment of some types of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the most common. Rituximab is generally given in combination with chemotherapy, although in some circumstances be given a single. The goal of treatment is to destroy the cells of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in particular and do not interfere with other cell types.

Treatment with radiation kill cells in the body by damaging DNA, so that the cell could not repair the damage. Because radiation can kill normal cells along with diseased cells, it is important that the use of radiation as a therapy directed as precisely as possible in cells that cause disease in an effort to reduce side effects. Generally given to patients who have only one or two lymph nodes are affected. Here, the radiation beam focused on the affected area to kill the diseased cells.

Transplantation useful to destroy the bone marrow. Subsequently replaced by stem cells transplanted. Usually involves use of high dose chemotherapy or with radiotherapy. Transplants were divided into 2 groups:
Allogeneic (genetically different), stem cells derived from other donors. Donors can be the family, ideally twin

Otologus (from the patient himself), stem cells derived from patients themselves, was collected before high dose chemotherapy, will then be transplanted back to them

~ Surgery can be done by splenectomy. If the spleen is affected by non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, the appointment is known as a splenectomy. This is done under general anesthesia. People who have undergone splenectomy are more likely to get bacterial infections, and should get vaccinated to prevent it.

If the above treatments have not succeeded, usually the doctor will recommend treatment experimental therapy. Treatment is aimed at patients suffering from non Hodgkin's lymphoma who always comes back after treatment or not respond at all to normal treatment. This is because the experimental treatment may cause more side effects than existing treatment standards. Only in certain cases the expert will recommend the use of a new treatment or without trying it first experimental treatment that has been proven.

Gland or the Son of Kidney and function

Shaped like a ball or cap located above the kidneys. In each kidney is a gland suprarenalis which is divided into two parts, namely the outer part (cortex) and the middle (medulla).

Suprarenalis adrenal gland or glands are triangular-shaped endocrine glands located above the kidneys (ad, "near" or "at" + renes, "kidney"). This gland is responsible for the regulation of stress response in the synthesis of corticosteroids and catecholamines, including cortisol and adrenaline.

There are several groups of cells in pancreatic islets, known as endocrine function as hormones that produce insulin. This hormone functions regulate blood glucose concentrations. Excess glucose will be taken to the liver cells and then be reorganized into glycogen for storage. This hormone deficiency will cause disease to diabetes. In addition, the pancreas also produces the hormone glucagon antagonist that works with the hormone insulin.

Synthesis is the process of making compounds in the laboratory result is the same with a compound found naturally. Who's an expert in organic chemistry is often associated with the ability to synthesize or analyze various compounds. In the 1950s and 1960s, the success of organic synthesis have no counterpart. Many Nobel awarded for the successful synthesis of several important compounds.

synthesis of methyl ester transesterification based on more efficient and subsequently used to synthesize methyl ester as a base for the synthesis of sucrose polyester.

Sucrose polyester (SPE) was prepared by transesterification of sucrose and sucrose oktaasetat interesterification. The optimum conditions for EPS synthesis by transesterfikasi mole ratio is 1:16, catalyst 4% of the weight of sucrose, the reaction temperature of 120 ° C, pressure 50-10 mm Hg, the reaction time of seven hours, and 83% yield. Product has a specific gravity 0.9635, refractive index at 40 ° C. 1456 The optimum condition is obtained by interesterification of sucrose mole ratio of FAME oktaasetat between 1:10 and 1:12, NaOCH3 catalyst concentration of 2% of the total weight of sucrose plus oktaasetat FAME, a reaction temperature of 105-110 ° C, pressure 0-5 mm Hg , reaction time 2.5 hours. Yield was obtained at this optimum condition is 46.74-47.10% mol or 131-132% weighting.

Physico-chemical and functional outcome of sucrose polyester synthesis: 1456 refractive index at 25 ° C, the specific gravity of 0.9533 at 25 ° C, 486 cp viscosity, saponification number 233, the degree of substitution (DS) 07.08, hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB) 2.0 . The viscosity of sucrose polyester synthesis results (486 cp) were significantly higher than the coconut oil viscosity (cp 170) that is used as feedstock.

Corticosteroids are hormones produced by the adrenal cortex. The immune system is the body's defense system consisting of specific immune system and non-specific. Corticosteroids, given either topically or systemically can suppress specific immune system and non-specific.

Corticosteroids have the influence to complement biological activity. Effect of inhibition of the fixation of C3b to its receptor on mononuclear phagocytes, and the inhibitory effect of C3a, C5a and C567 on PMN leukocyte. Non-specific influence of this only happened on high-dose corticosteroids. This has been evidenced in vitro with doses of methylprednisolone 30 mg / kg. or in vivo with intravenous hydrocortisone dose 120 mg / kg intravenously

Catecholamines is a hormone that causes high blood pressure and other symptoms. or catecholamines is a major neurotransmitter function associated with frontal lobe brain function. So that the dopaminergic and noradrenergic neurotransmission seems to be the main target in the treatment of ADHD.

High levels of catecholamines in the blood are associated with stress that can come from a psychological reaction in yourself or the pressure of the external environment such as noise, the atmosphere is uncomfortable, difficult conditions, and others. Very high levels of catecholamines (also known as the toxicity of catecholamines) may occur because of stimulation or damage to nerve cells in the brain stem. Some drugs such as tolcapone (COMT-inhibitor center) could also increase the levels of catecholamines. Two types of catecholamines, namely dopamine and epinephrine, also functions as a neurotransmitter in the central nervous system as well as hormones in the blood circulation.

Catecholamines facilitate physical reactions related to the preparation of muscle action include increased heart rate and lung cancer, gastric inhibitory and small intestine, constriction of blood vessels in many parts of the body, inhibition of tear glands, enlarged pupils, urinary bladder relaxation, and inhibition of erections . Catecholamines cause general body physiology alter itself to adjust the face of physical activity.

Is the primary stress hormone cortisol in the body and associated with a number of health problems including obesity. Chronic stress or long-term stress raise cortisol levels, and this causes weight gain. However, this key hormone ignored completely in most diet programs.

Stress Hormones. As a reaction to stress, child-kidneys secrete excessive hormones, adrenaline / NA (noradrenaline) and cortisol through each CNS (central nervous system) and the pituitary. Cortisol secretion can be increased up to 301 mg in order to overcome the effects of stress, such as inflammation, pain and fever. Cortisol as an anti-inflammatory substances inhibit the functioning of the immune system's reaction so that the response to stress should not be too great.

Adrenaline and NA serves to prepare the organism for action (fight or flight) with a road to enable a variety of physiological processes. Most important among them is the stimulation of CNS effects include increased blood pressure and increased blood flow the brain, lungs and peripheral muscles. Reduced protein synthesis and increased glucose production by mobilization of glycogen reserves, as well as the release of fatty acids into the blood. Fatty acids are a source of energy that can be directly used. Therefore, the lipid profile deteriorated with the increase in triglycerides and LDL-cholesterol and decrease HDL. With these changes, the body can adjust to the pressure (stress) that threatened him.

Hormone from the gland, kidney and children working principles:
1. Adrenal cortex:
a. Mineralocorticoid: Mengontol metabolism of inorganic ions
b. Glucocorticoids: Control of glucose metabolism

2. Part Adrenal medulla: adrenaline (epinephrine) and noradrenaline Both these hormones work together in the following:
a. bronchial dilatation
b. vasoconstriction in arterial
c. vasodilation of blood vessels of the brain and muscles
d. convert glycogen to glucose in liver
e. peristalsis
f. with insulin regulate blood sugar levels

Regulation of adrenal medulla hormones
Tense stimuli cause the hypothalamus to activate the adrenal medulla by the adrenal cortex and nerve impulses through hormonal signals. Adrenal medulla facilitate short-term response to stress by secreting hormones and catecholamines are efinefrin norefinefrin. Adrenal cortex to control a more enduring response by secreting a steroid hormone.

~ Pancreas gland is a group of cells located in the pancreas, which is known as the island - the island of Langerhans.
~ Pancreas gland produces the hormone insulin and glucagon. Insulin facilitate the movement of glucose from the blood into cells - the body's cells through the cell membrane.
~ In the muscle glucose metabolized and stored in the form of reserves.
~ In liver cells, insulin accelerated the process of formation of glycogen (glikogenesis) and the formation of fat (lipogenesis).
~ High glucose concentration in blood is a stimulus to secrete insulin. Conversely glukogen works opposite to insulin.
~ Settings blood sugar levels

Pituitary gland, thyroid gland, lymph

Pituitary gland is a small gland attached to the hypothalamus, the hormone that controls the supply of vital functions. Pituitary gland produces a hormone that is needed to adapt to stress. In addition, the pituitary gland regulate the secretion of thyroid hormones, gonadal, and parathyroid. Secretion of hormones, such as other homeostatic mechanisms, normally regulated by a feedback mechanism that continuously monitor the hormone levels in the blood. When hormone levels decline, the pituitary gland receives the message to increase the secretion of hormones. When hormone levels rise, the pituitary gland decreases the production of hormones.

Pituitary gland is located in a curve selatursika bone at the bone wedge and produces various hormones that regulate the activities of other glands. Therefore, the pituitary gland called the master gland. Pituitary gland is divided into three parts, namely the anterior, middle, and posterior parts.
Adenoma (tumor gland) in the form of pituitary tumors in the pituitary gland that causes excess production of TSH that stimulate the thyroid gland to produce thyroid hormones become excessive. Tirotropin (English: thyrotropin, thyroid-stimulating hormone, TSH) is a hormone that functions to maintain growth and development of the thyroid gland and is a stimulator for the secretion of T4 and T3 hormone produced by the gland. [1] Hormones tirotropin is glikoproten and has two subunits, ie subunit a (alpha) and b (beta)

Liberation Adenohipofisis controlled by the hypothalamic hormone. Cells - the cells in the hypothalamus to secrete hormones neurosekresi liberator and the inhibiting hormone, into the capillary network located in the pituitary stem. Hormone-containing blood was flowing through the vessels - the short portal vessels into the second capillary network in the anterior pituitary. In response to specific hormone liberator, cells - endocrine cells in the anterior pituitary to secrete certain hormones into the circulation.
Thyroid gland is a kind of endocrine gland located at the top .... Symptoms: Abdomen tense or pain (moderate / severe). lymph nodes = Lymph glands are glands containing lymph nodes that contain protein, fat and a large number of lymphocytes (white blood cells) where it acts like a filter lymphocytes that make antibodies unt capture foreign organisms (such as bacteria, viruses) that cause infections in unt destroy / prevent it spreading.

Lymph nodes tend to be clustered in the armpits eg, dileher n dipangkal thigh.
= lymph fluid circulation of the lymphatic system, circulates through the lymphatic and bring pembulu lymph nodes around the body back through the lymph nodes, etc., etc..

Swelling occurs usually occur infection and swelling will subside if the infection is resolved.
but if the swelling is accompanied by symptoms such as fever, night sweats, weight loss and reduced appetite, pale, persistent fatigue is also sometimes accompanied by short breathing batuk2 we need to hold further examination because of possible lymphoma or cancer of the affected lymph nodes.

Excess proteinuntuk healthy people / does not affect normal, just aman2
This excess will be stored in other forms such as the fat.
BUT for the sick, such as impaired attention in the kidney it is necessary to consume protein karenadapan aggravate an already sick of the kidneys.
As we know protein is very important as the staple formation of the body and the amount adalh sel2 No. 2 after the water, as well as antibody formation BHN. besides hormon2 in the body also contains high protein.

If we move further exercising ie the racing a lot more protein.
hopefully help.

a. Anterior pituitary hormones produced
  1. Somatrotof Hormones: Growth of cells and proteins anabolisme
  2. Thyroid hormone (TSH): Controls the secretion of hormones by the thyroid gland
  3. Adrenokortikotropik hormone (ACTH): Controls the secretion of several hormones by the adrenal cortex
  4. Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH):
    a. In female: stimulates ovarian follicle growth and secretion of estrogen on
    b. In the testis: to stimulate the testes to stimulate sperm
  5. Luteinizing hormone (LH):
    a. On Women: along with estrogen to stimulate ovulation and the formation of progesterone by the corpus luteum
    b. In men: stimulates cell - interstitial cells in testes to grow and produce testosterone
  6. Prolactin: Helping birth and maintain the secretion of milk by the mammary gland Pratiwi, regulation of anterior pituitary hormones / Adenohipofisis

b. Posterior pituitary hormones produced
  1. Oxytocin: Stimulates contraction of smooth muscles in a woman's womb during childbirth
  2. The hormone ADH: Lowering the volume of urine and increased blood pressure by narrowing blood vessels Pratiwi, posterior pituitary hormone regulation / neurohipofisis

Cells - the cells in the hypothalamus synthesizes neurosekresi hormone, ADH and oxytocin. Neurohipofisis release hormone into the blood, where the hormone is circulating. ADH binds to target cells in the kidney, oxytocin binding to target cells in the mammary gland and uterus
c. Intermediate pituitary hormones produced
  1. Melanocyte stimulating hormone (MSH): Affected individuals skin color.